Coronavirus protection

Corona Virus Protection.

Please understand, that common N95 disposable masks offer NO PROTECTION against a Virus or the Coronavirus. It is important that            
healthcare,  security forces  and  the general population understand this, before it is too late. The following diagrams may help to explain
this more clearly. The SOLUTION is an ionization mask based on the same principle as your indoor hepa-ionization air purifier. The
resulting friction of the outer layer of silk and inserted polypropylene filter, creates an electrostatic charge in harmony with your breathing
system.

Transcription elongation factors stimulate the activity of the RNA polymerase by
increasing the overall elongation rate and the completion of RNA chains. E. coli
GreA is one such factor. It acts by inducing cleavage of the transcript within the
RNA polymerase, followed by release of the RNA 3′-terminal fragment. The
crystal structure of GreA has been determined at 2.2 Å resolution. The structure
contains an amino-terminal domain consisting of antiparallel  -helical coiled-coil
dimer (see strereodiargam ) which extends into solution.
The 3D structure of GreA (whose water accessible surface is shown in solid
white in picture on left) exhibits an unusually asymmetric charge distribution
indicating how GreA may interact with the elongation complex and transcript.
Positive and negative isopotential contours are shown in red and blue
respectively.

When the isopotential contour of yeast tRNAphe had previously been visualized (Sharp et. al.,
1990), there were very few other RNA structures to study. However, in recent years there has been
an explosion in the number of RNA structures solved. This, in addition to improved computing
power and NLPB solving algorithms, allowed us to undertake a new study on the potentials of
RNAs. As a control the yeast tRNAphe was reanalyzed and the same isopotential holes were seen
at the anticodon loop and the amino-acylation end.

More recent structures were also analyzed for the presence of isopotential holes. Among the most
important motifs found in RNA structure is the GNRA tetraloop. Electrostatic analysis of this
structure shows a large isopotential hole over the second position of the tetraloop (Fig. 2). It is at
this position which both RNAs and proteins interact with the tetraloop.

Other structures were analyzed for isopotential holes. There were potential holes found at the ends
of RNA double helices, in the GNRA tetraloop receptor, in the sarcin-ricin loop, and in the MMTV
pseudoknots. Each of the positions contains some biological significance, whether it’d be for
RNA-RNA interactions or RNA-protein interactions. For further information, see Chin et. al, 1999.

Surface potentials represent a different form of electrostatic analysis.
The study of the surface may elucidate areas of unusual negative or
positive potential. These in turn may indicate areas where there will
be RNA interactions. As a control the basic forms of Watson-Crick base
paired nucleic acids were analyzed as well as commonly found
non-Watson-Crick motifs

The most useful aspect of using surface potentials to study RNA structures is the prediction
of metal-binding sites. Metals, in particular the divalent cation Mg2+, are known to play critical
roles in RNA structure and catalysis. Structures with known metal binding sites were
analyzed to see if those sites could be predicted. The metal sites for the p456 domains of a
group I intron , the loop E of 5S rRNA, and yeast tRNAphe were accurately predicted, as well
as other possible sites not previously reported in literature (Chin et. al., 1999).
The results of this study have been published in D., Zhang, R. Konecny, N.A. Baker, J.A. McCammon, Biopolymers, 75(4), 325-337 (2004).
Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) is used as a model system to investigate the organization of the RNA genome inside the virus capsid.
A coarse grain model, in which each nucleic acid is treated as a sphere with negative charge, is necessary to simulate a system of the size of
34,200 amino acid residues and about 3,000 RNA nucleic acids. The electrostatic potential of the capsid is calculated using the Adaptive
Poisson-Boltzmann Solver (APBS) over a grid of 2.5 Anstrom, and the potential grid is used to evaluate the electrostatic interaction energy of the
RNA spheres inside the capsid. In the crystal structure, there are some short strands of RNAs present. These RNAs are kept intact in the
simulation. In another words, they are included in the electrostatic potential grid, and they do not move in the Monte Carlo simulation. The
following conditions are used in the simulation:

• RNA sphere size 7.5 A, charge -0.25e, dielectric constant 4.0
  
• Electrostatic potential grid size 2.5 A
  
• Total energy of the system is the electrostatic interations between the RNAs and their electrostic energy within the
  potential grid of the capsid
  

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